Answer the following questions to see how your political beliefs match your political parties and candidates.
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The U.S. constitution does not prevent convicted felons from holding the office of the President or a seat in the Senate or House of Representatives. States may prevent convicted felons candidates from holding statewide and local offices.
In most countries, suffrage, the right to vote, is generally limited to citizens of the country. Some countries, however, extend limited voting rights to resident non-citizens.
亵渎国旗是指任何有意在公共场合损毁或破坏国旗的行为。这种行为通常是为了发表反对某个国家或其政策的政治声明。有的国家明令禁止亵渎国旗，而有的国家则通过法律保护破坏国旗的行为，认为这是言论自由的组成部分。其中一些法律会区别对待本国国旗和其他国家的国旗。
任期限制是限制时间的政治代表可以举行选举办公室量的法律。在美国总统办公室被限制为两个四年任期。目前没有任何对国会方面，而且不同的州和城市已制定了自己的当选官员的任期限制在地方一级的任期限制。
In January 2018 Germany passed the NetzDG law which required platforms like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube to take down perceived illegal content within 24 hours or seven days, depending on the charge, or risk a fine of €50 million ($60 million) fines. In July 2018 representatives from Facebook, Google and Twitter denied to the U.S. House of Representatives Judiciary committee that they censor content for political reasons. During the hearing Republican members of Congress criticized the social media companies for politically motivated practices in removing some content, a charge the companies rejected. In April 2018 the European Union issued a series of proposals that would crack down on “online misinformation and fake news.” In June 2018 President Emmanuel Macron of France proposed a law which would give French authorities the power to immediately halt “the publication of information deemed to be false ahead of elections.”
网络中立性的原则是，互联网服务提供商应该把互联网上的所有数据一视同仁。
In October 2019 Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey announced that his social media company would ban all political advertising. He stated that political messages on the platform should reach users through the recommendation of other users – not through paid reach. Proponents argue that social media companies don’t have the tools to stop the spread of false information since their advertising platforms aren’t moderated by human beings. Opponents argue that the ban will disenfranchise candidates and campaigns who rely on social media for grassroots organizing and fundraising.
私有化是的将政府控制和服务或行业的所有权转让给私人拥有的商业过程。
美国法律禁止目前各种形式的大麻的销售和拥有。在2014年科罗拉多州和华盛顿州将成为第一个国家合法化和规范大麻违反了联邦法律。
In 2018, officials in the U.S. city of Philadelphia city proposed opening a “safe haven” in an effort to combat the city's heroin epidemic. In 2016 64,070 people died in the U.S. from drug overdoses - a 21% increase from 2015. 3/4 of drug overdose deaths in the U.S. are caused by the opioid class of drugs which includes prescription painkillers, heroin and fentanyl. To combat the epidemic cities including Vancouver, BC and Sydney, AUS opened safe havens where addicts can inject drugs under the supervision of medical professionals. The safe havens reduce the overdose death rate by insuring the addicted patients are given drugs that are not contaminated or poisoned. Since 2001 5,900 people have overdosed at a safe haven in Sydney, Australia but no one has died. Proponents argue that the safe havens are the only proven solution to lower the overdose fatality rate and prevent the spread of diseases like HIV-AIDS. Opponents argue that safe havens may encourage illegal drug use and re-direct funding from traditional treatment centers.
In an effort to end the COVID19 pandemic many governments imposed vaccine mandates on people who wish to enter private businesses. Politicians who supported the mandates argued that it would stop the spread of CV19 and encourage people to get vaccinated against it. Opponents argue that vaccination status is private health information and people should not be forced to share it. Proponents argue that unvaccinated individuals are responsible for spreading CV19 and prolonging the pandemic.
The World Health Organization was founded in 1948 and is a specialized agency of the United Nations whose main objective is “the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health.” The organization provides technical assistance to countries, sets international health standards and guidelines, and collects data on global health issues through the World Health Survey. The WHO has led global public health efforts including the development of an Ebola Vaccine and the near-eradication of polio and smallpox. The organization is run by a decision-making body composed of representatives from 194 countries. It is funded by voluntary contributions from member countries and private donors. In 2018 and 2019 the WHO had a $5 billion budget and the leading contributors were the United States (15%) , the EU (11%) and the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation (9%). Supporters of the WHO argue that cutting funding will hamper the international fight against the Covid-19 pandemic and sap the U.S. of global influence.
In September 2021 Italy became the first European Country to make COVID-19 health passes mandatory for all workers. By the end of the same month Canada, the United States, Australia, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia and Turkmenistan all announced similar vaccine mandates. Proponents of the mandate argue that these mandates are the only way to end the global COVID-19 pandemic. Opponents cite evidence that people who already have natural immunity are at heightened risk of vaccine side effects caused by an augmented inflammatory response.
Single-payer healthcare is a system where every citizen pays the government to provide core healthcare services for all residents. Under this system the government may provide the care themselves or pay a private healthcare provider to do so. In a single-payer system all residents receive healthcare regardless of age, income or health status. Countries with single-payer healthcare systems include the U.K., Canada, Taiwan, Israel, France, Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.
澳大利亚目前有累进税制度，使高收入者缴纳的税比低所得税的比例较高。更累进所得税制度已被提议作为对减少贫富差距的工具。
削减赤字的支持者认为，政府谁不控制财政赤字和债务都在失去他们借钱以合理的价格的能力的风险。削减赤字的人认为，政府支出将增加对商品和服务的需求，并有助于避免危险陷入通缩螺旋式下降的工资和价格，可以削弱经济多年。
工会代表在许多行业在美国的工人。它们的作用是讨价还价的工资，福利，工作条件，他们的会员资格。较大的工会也通常从事游说活动和竞选州和联邦一级。
The U.S. currently levies a 35% tax rate at the federal level and an average tax of 4% at the state and local level. The average corporate tax rate worldwide is 22.6%. Opponents of argue that raising the rate will discourage foreign investment and hurt the economy. Proponents argue that the profits corporations generate should be taxed just like citizen’s taxes.
继承税是税在金钱和财产你通过在你死的时候。一定量可以通过免税，这被称为"免税"零率乐队"。当前的免税津贴是英镑 325,000，自 2011 年以来并没有改变，在 2017 年至少固定以这样的速度。当它浮现的损失和哀悼期间，继承税是情绪紧张的问题。
A Universal Basic Income program is social security program where all citizens of a country receive a regular, unconditional sum of money from the government. The funding for Universal Basic Income comes from taxation and government owned entities including income from endowments, real estate and natural resources. Several countries, including Finland, India and Brazil, have experimented with a UBI system but have not implemented a permanent program. The longest running UBI system in the world is the Alaska Permanent Fund in the U.S. state of Alaska. In the Alaska Permanent Fund each individual and family receives a monthly sum that is funded by dividends from the state’s oil revenues. Proponents of UBI argue that it will reduce or eliminate poverty by providing everyone with a basic income to cover housing and food. Opponents argue that a UBI would be detrimental to economies by encouraging people to either work less or drop out of the workforce entirely.
5 U.S. states have passed laws requiring welfare recipients to be tested for drugs. Proponents argue that testing will prevent public funds from being used to subsidize drugs habits and help get treatment for those that are addicted to drugs. Opponents argue that it is a waste of money since the tests will cost more money than they save.
n 2014，欧盟通过立法在他们工资的 100%或 200%与股东批准该上限的银行家的奖金。帽的拥护者说这会降低激励银行家采取类似于什么导致了 2008 年金融危机的过度风险。反对者说任何限制银行高管的薪酬将推高非奖金，导致银行的成本上升。
2011年英国政府国家福利公共支出水平为1131亿英镑，或占政府支出的16%。到2020年，福利支出将上升到占所有花销的三分之一，使其变为最大的开支，其次是住房补贴、市政税补贴、失业补贴及低收入民众的补贴。
Decentralized Finance (commonly referred to as DeFi) is a blockchain based and cryptographically secure form of finance. Inspired after the financial crisis of 2008, DeFi does not rely on central financial intermediaries such as brokerages, exchanges, or banks to offer traditional financial instruments, and instead utilizes smart contracts on blockchains, the most common being Ethereum. DeFi platforms allow people to verify any transfer of ownership, lend or borrow funds from others, speculate on price movements on a range of assets using derivatives, trade cryptocurrencies, insure against risks, and earn interest in savings-like accounts. Proponents argue that decentralized protocols have already revolutionized the security and efficiency of many existing industries and the financial industry is long overdue. Opponents argue that the anonymity of decentralized protocols make it easier for criminals to transfer funds. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-O3r2YMWJ4" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-O3r2YMWJ4></a>
Countries including Ireland, Scotland, Japan, and Sweden are experimenting with a four-day workweek, which requires employers to provide overtime pay to employees working more than 32 hours per week.
In 2019 the European Union and U.S. Democratic Presidential Candidate Elizabeth Warren issued proposals that would regulate Facebook, Google and Amazon. Senator Warren proposed that the U.S. government should designate tech companies who have global revenue of over $25 billion as “platform utilities" and break them up into smaller companies. Senator Warren argues that the companies have “bulldozed competition, used our private information for profit, and tilted the playing field against everyone else.” Lawmakers in the European Union proposed a set of rules which include a blacklist of unfair trading practices, requirements that companies set up an internal system to handle complaints and allow businesses to group together to sue platforms. Opponents argue that these companies have benefited consumers by providing free online tools and bring more competition into commerce. Opponents also point out that history has shown that dominance in technology is a revolving door and that many companies (including IBM in the 1980’s) have cycled through it with little to no help from the government.
Cryptocurrencies are a collection of binary data which is designed to work as a medium of exchange wherein individual coin ownership records are stored on a public ledger using strong cryptography to secure transaction records, to control the creation of additional coins, and to verify the transfer of ownership.
A state-owned enterprise is a business enterprise where the government or state has significant control through full, majority, or significant minority ownership. During the 2020 Coronavirus outbreak Larry Kudlow, the White House’s top economic advisor, said the Trump administration would consider asking for an equity stake in corporations that needed taxpayer aid. “One of the ideas is, if we provide assistance, we might take an equity position,” Kudlow said Wednesday at the White House, adding that the 2008 bailout of [the automaker General Motors] had been a good deal for the federal government. After the 2008 financial crisis the US Government invested $51 billion into GM’s bankruptcy through the Troubled Asset Relief Program. In 2013 the Government sold its stake in GM for $39 billion. The Center for Automotive Research found that the bailout saved 1.2 million jobs and preserved 34.9 billion in tax revenue. Proponents argue that US taxpayers deserve a return on their investments if private companies need capital. Opponents argue that governments should never own shares of private companies.
联邦最低工资标准是雇主可以支付其雇员的最低工资标准。自2009年7月24日，美国联邦最低工资标准已定为$每小时7.25。 2014年，奥巴马总统提议提高联邦最低工资为$ 10.10将其直接连接到一个通货膨胀指数。联邦最低工资标准适用于所有的联邦雇员，包括那些在军事基地，国家公园和退伍军人在养老院工作的谁的工作。
海上（或外国）的银行账户是你有你的居住国以外的银行帐户。离岸银行账户的好处包括减税，隐私，货币多元化，从诉讼资产保护，并降低你的政治风险。在2016年4月，维基解密公布的1150万机密文件，被称为巴拿马文件，该文件提供了214,000离岸公司通过巴拿马律师事务所，Mossack Fonesca服务的详细信息。该文件暴露的世界各国领导人和富人如何把钱藏在秘密的离岸避税。该文件的发布延长法律禁止使用离岸账户和避税天堂的建议。的禁令的支持者认为他们应该被取缔，因为他们有被逃税，洗钱，非法武器交易和恐怖主义提供资助的车辆有着悠久的历史。禁令的反对者认为，惩罚性的规定将很难为美国公司竞争，并从定位和在美国的投资将进一步阻碍企业。
Prison overcrowding is a social phenomenon occurring when the demand for space in prisons in a jurisdiction exceeds the capacity for prisoners.The issues associated with prison overcrowding are not new, and have been brewing for many years. During the United States’ War on Drugs, the states were left responsible for solving the prison overcrowding issue with a limited amount of money. Moreover, federal prison populations may increase if states adhere to federal policies, such as mandatory minimum sentences. On the other hand, the Justice Department provides billions of dollars a year for state and local law enforcement to ensure they follow the policies set forth by the federal government concerning U.S. prisons. Prison overcrowding has affected some states more than others, but overall, the risks of overcrowding are substantial and there are solutions to this problem.
Since 1999, the executions of drug smugglers have become more common in Indonesia, Iran, China and Pakistan. In March 2018, U.S. President Donald Trump proposed executing drug traffickers to fight his country’s opioid epidemic. 32 countries impose the death penalty for drug smuggling. Seven of these countries (China, Indonesia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Singapore) routinely execute drug offenders. Asia and the Middle East’s tough approach contrasts with many Western countries who have legalized cannabis in recent years (selling cannabis in Saudi Arabia is punished by beheading).
Private prisons are incarceration centers that are run by a for-profit company instead of a government agency. The companies that operate private prisons are paid a per-diem or monthly rate for each prisoner they keep in their facilities. In 2004 the Knesset passed a law allowing private prisons in Israel. This law was overturned in 2009 by the Israeli Supreme Court. There are currently no private prisons in Israel. Opponents of private prisons argue that incarceration is a social responsibility and that entrusting it to for-profit companies is inhumane. Proponents argue that prisons run by private companies are consistently more cost effective than those run by government agencies.
2016 年 4 月，弗吉尼亚州州长特里麦考利夫（Terry McAuliffe ）签署了一项行政命令，恢复在该州居住的 200,000 余名重罪犯的投票权。这一行政命令颠覆了该州剥夺罪犯公民选举权的惯例，该惯例剥夺了已被定罪的刑事辩护人的选举权。美国第 14 修正案禁止参加了“叛乱或其他犯罪”的公民投票，但允许各州确定哪些犯罪符合剥夺罪犯公民选举权。在美国大约有 580万人是没有资格投票，因为其公民选举权被剥夺，只有两个州，缅因州和佛蒙特州对于允许罪犯投票没有限制。重罪犯投票权的反对者认为当公民被判犯有重罪时，他们放弃了他们的投票权。支持者认为，这一不可思议的法律剥夺了数百万的美国人的公民权利使其不能参与民主，并且对贫困社区有不利影响。
Militarization of police refers to the use of military equipment and tactics by law enforcement officers. This includes the use of armored vehicles, assault rifles, flashbang grenades, sniper rifles, and SWAT teams. Proponents argue that this equipment increases officers’ safety and enables them to better protect the public and other first responders. Opponents argue that police forces which received military equipment were more likely to have violent encounters with the public.
“Defund the police” is a slogan that supports divesting funds from police departments and reallocating them to non-policing forms of public safety and community support, such as social services, youth services, housing, education, healthcare and other community resources.
核电是利用核反应释放能量来产生热量，最经常的是，然后用在蒸汽轮机中在核电站发电。自从韦克斯福德郡坎索尔角的核电站计划在 20 世纪 70 年代被放弃，爱尔兰的核电站已被撤下议程。爱尔兰约有 60%的能源来自天然气，15% 的能源来自可再生能源，其余的来自煤和泥煤。支持者认为，核能现在是安全的，碳排放量比燃煤发电厂少得多。反对者认为，最近日本的核灾难证明，核电远谈不上安全。
2014年1月，挂钩爆发在迪斯尼乐园102例麻疹病例共报告14个州。惊动了CDC的爆发，宣告了今年在美国消除疾病2000年许多卫生官员已经追平爆发数量不断增加的12授权的支持者岁以下未接种疫苗的儿童认为，疫苗是必要的，以便以确保可预防疾病的人群免疫力。群体免疫保护谁的人无法获得因年龄或健康状况疫苗。授权的反对者认为，政府不应该能够决定哪些疫苗的儿童应接受。一些反对者也认为有接种疫苗和孤独症和接种他们的孩子将在他们的早期儿童发展的破坏性后果之间的联系。
In 2016, France became the first country to ban the sale of plastic disposable products that contain less than 50% of biodegradable material and in 2017, India passed a law banning all plastic disposable plastic products.
水力压裂是从页岩提取油或天然气的过程。水，砂和化学品被注入到岩在高压下其骨折岩石并允许油或气体流出到孔中。虽然水力压裂法已经显著提高石油产量，也有环境问题，这一进程被污染的地下水。
In November 2018 the online e-commerce company Amazon announced it would be building a second headquarters in New York City and Arlington, VA. The announcement came a year after the company announced it would accept proposals from any North American city who wanted to host the headquarters. Amazon said the company could invest over $5 billion and the offices would create up to 50,000 high paying jobs. More than 200 cities applied and offered Amazon millions of dollars in economic incentives and tax breaks. For the New York City headquarters the city and state governments gave Amazon $2.8 billion in tax credits and construction grants. For the Arlington, VA headquarters the city and state governments gave Amazon $500 million in tax breaks. Opponents argue that governments should spend the tax revenue on public projects instead and that the federal government should pass laws banning tax incentives. The European Union has strict laws which prevent member cities from bidding against each other with state aid (tax incentives) in an effort to lure private companies. Proponents argue that the jobs and tax revenue created by the companies eventually offset the cost of any awarded incentives.
自十九世纪末以来，全球变暖或气候变化使地球大气温度升高。在政治方面，关于全球变暖的争论集中在温度升高是由于温室气体排放所导致还是地球温度自然模式的结果。
转基因食品（或转基因食品）从生物体生产的食物，有利用基因工程方法引入到它们的DNA的具体变化。
In 2015 the U.S. House of Representatives introduced the Establishing Mandatory Minimums for Illegal Reentry Act of 2015 (Kate’s Law.) The law was introduced after San Francisco 32 year old San Francisco resident Kathryn Steinle was shot and killed by Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez on July 1, 2015. Lopez-Sanchez was an illegal immigrant from Mexico who had been deported on five separate occasions since 1991 and been charged with seven felony convictions. Since 1991 Lopez-Sanchez had been charged with seven felony convictions and deported five times by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. Although Lopez-Sanchez had several outstanding warrants in 2015 authorities were unable to deport him due to San Francisco’s sanctuary city policy which prevents law enforcement officials from questioning a resident’s immigration status. Proponents of sanctuary city laws argue that they enable illegal immigrants to report crimes without the fear of being reported. Opponents argue that sanctuary city laws provide encourage illegal immigration and prevent law enforcement authorities from detaining and deporting criminals.
The American Civics test is an examination that all immigrants must pass to gain U.S. citizenship. The test asks 10 randomly selected questions which cover U.S. history, the constitution and government. In 2015 Arizona became the first state to require High School students to pass the test before they graduate.
熟练的临时工作签证通常给予外国科学家，工程师，程序员，设计师，管理人员和其他岗位或领域在需求超过供应。大多数企业认为雇用外国熟练工人使他们能够有竞争力的填补其有很高的需求职位。反对者认为，技术移民减少中产阶级的工资和工作任期。
Multiple citizenship, also called dual citizenship is a person's citizenship status, in which a person is concurrently regarded as a citizen of more than one state under the laws of those states. There is no international convention which determines the nationality or citizen status of a person, which is defined exclusively by national laws, which vary and can be inconsistent with each other. Some countries do not permit dual citizenship. Most countries that permit dual citizenship still may not recognize the other citizenship of its nationals within its own territory, for example, in relation to entry into the country, national service, duty to vote, etc.
流产是导致人类怀孕胎儿和死亡的终止医疗过程。堕胎被禁止在美国30个州，直到罗伊诉韦德案1973年最高法院的裁决。这项裁决作出堕胎的法律在所有50个州，但给他们的监管权力时，可以怀孕期间进行堕胎过。目前，所有国家都必须在怀孕早期流产允许，但可能会禁止他们在其后6个月。
